Old map of Ile de Ré

Original map of Cassini from 1768 - 72. Edited by Andriveau - Goujon around 1815.
Period canvas and mounted in 12 sections.
Some rednesses on the back of the canvas.
Very good state.
Sheet size: 60 x 48 cm.
Folded format: 20 x 13.5 cm.

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The Cassini map, which it would be more correct to call the Cassini map since it takes its name from a family of four Italian geographers who settled in the kingdom at the end of the 17th century, is the first major cartographic enterprise covering the entire French territory. It consists of 180 sheets, the surveys of which, begun in 1756, were completed in 1789. They were engraved on copper plates and then printed at the Paris Observatory from 1757 to 1790. Intended to be marketed to a rich public, some editions were also watercolored.
The Cassini map owes its extraordinary precision to the triangulation method, requested for its development. This method consists in measuring the distance between two points B and C then, from a reference point A, in measuring the angles of lines BA and CA. The geographer then just has to apply the trigonometry formulas in order to know the distances BA and CA. This method was used by the Dutchman Snellius in 1615, then by Abbé Picard in 1670 and, finally, from 1683 to 1718, for the measurement of a large meridian going from Dunkirk to Perpignan. The corners of each sheet of Cassini's map show the distances in toises from the meridian of Paris and its perpendicular (which joins Saint-Malo and Strasbourg). In addition to this main triangulation, each board has nearly 300 landmarks (buildings, heights), useful for establishing a secondary triangulation.
In fact, the mentions made on the card are numerous and varied. It thus contains information relating to the relief (forests, marshes, rivers, ponds), communication routes (roads, canals, bridges), administrative and religious organization (the limits of province, diocese, parishes) or to civil and religious buildings (churches, abbeys, priories, mills, castles).
The Cassini map is still used today by many researchers, amateurs or professionals, attached to the study of toponyms, archeology, historical geography or even the history of the environment.
(Departmental archives)